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Introduction:
Hemophilia A is an inherited disease characterized by deficiency of coagulation factor VIII and bleeding tendency.
It is transmitted through the X chromosome. Hemophilia A is characterized by excessive bleeding in various tissues of the body, including soft tissue hematomas and hemarthrosis.
In formulating the diagnosis of hemophilia A, in addition to a well-taken medical history and physical examination, laboratory tests should also be carried out and analyzed.
Tooth extraction is the most common surgical procedures in patients with hemophilia. Hematological preparation implies the application of a concentrated factor VIII for one to two days prior to the
intervention to achieve a desired level of factor VIII needed for the operation. In tooth extraction, this level has to be 50% before and after the tooth extraction for 5 days, with the application of
antifibrinolytic agents. In oral surgical interventions the desired level of factor VIII is 50-80% preoperatively, 30-80% for 5 days after surgery, and 30% up to 14 days, also with the use of antifibrinolytic therapy.
Patients with hemophilia and inhibitors are prepared for intervention through the application of recombinant FVIIa at the dose of 120mcg/kg, repeated every 2 hours for the period of 7-10 days after the intervention.
It is necessary to apply antifibrinolytic agents and local hemostatic measures. Measures of local hemostasis are unavoidable in the case of oral surgical interventions in patients with hemophilia A.
Implementation of these procedures in oral surgery has the role of minimizing the possibility of intra- and postoperative bleeding in patients with hemophilia A.
For this purpose, the following are mostly used: absorbable suture thread, preparations of collagen, oxycellulose, gelatin, fibrin glue, with topical application of tranexamic or epsilon aminocaproic acid.
Conclusion:
Close cooperation between hematologists and oral surgeons is essential in order to minimize unwanted complications in patients with hemophilia A
Key words:
hemophilia A, oral surgical interventions, bleeding, local hemostasis
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